丝线、羊肠线及结扎道数对大鼠CCI疼痛模型的影响

通过比较丝线、羊肠线2种不同材料和不同结扎道数对大鼠CCI疼痛模型痛阈值的影响,优化筛选出更易在实验过程中普及的技术方法．将42只SD雄性大鼠随机分成7组,包括结扎丝线4道、3道与2道3个组;结扎羊肠线4道、3道与2道3个组和1个假手术组,每组6只大鼠．铬制羊肠线和丝线分别结扎大鼠左侧坐骨神经2道、3道、4道;假手术组只暴露左侧坐骨神经,不进行结扎处理．建模成功后测量各组大鼠的机械性缩足反应阈值（MWT）,发现丝线3道、4道组和羊肠线2道、3道、4道组与假手术组和自身基础的MWT有极显著差异（P〈0．01）;假手术对照组、丝线2道组与各组自身基础的MWT之间没有差异（P〉0．05）,结扎手术前后的MWT之间差异显著,结扎后第7天、14天和21天的MWT之间没有差异．羊肠线3组之间没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）．由此可得出结论：羊肠线2道、3道、4道组,以及丝线3道、4道组均能产生稳定的神经痛,根据MWT的数值大小和是否出现自噬现象可认为,以羊肠线结扎2道组最好,不但MWT的数值小,且操作简便又节省时间,可作为大鼠CCI建模的首选方法．     

基于高通量测序的不同养殖系统下凡纳滨对虾肠道和水体中微生物的多样性

【目的】研究不同养殖系统对凡纳滨对虾肠道及水体微生物多样性的影响。【方法】以循环养殖系统和非养殖系统下凡纳滨对虾养殖水体及其肠道为研究对象,在养殖30d后采集样品,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序样品细菌16SrRNA基因V3+V4区,通过RDP11.3、Greengenes13.8、NCBI 16S Microbial和Customized batabase等数据库进行分析,阐述循环养殖系统的意义和微生物在其中的作用。【结果】养殖期间,不同养殖系统凡纳滨对虾均正常存活。将原始序列优化后对Clean序列进行分析,非循环系统下水体优质序列百分比约81%,肠道中约89%;循环系统下水体优质序列百分比为92%,肠道中为94%。两种养殖系统下水体和肠道细菌在纲水平占绝对优势的是变形菌纲,但各菌群丰度不同;不同的Alpha指数显示出物种间的差异性;通过系统发育树可以看出,不同养殖系统改变了凡纳滨对虾生境中的物种及发育关系,间接阐述微生物在养殖生境中的作用和意义。【结论】通过高通量测序揭示不同养殖系统中微生物菌群的差异以及多样性,对于凡纳滨对虾实际养殖具有指导作用,对阐述养殖过程中微生物和相关疾病的关系具有重要意义。     

禽类肠道主要APUD细胞分布及其生理功能的研究进展

禽类动物肠道中存在许多能够分泌肽类激素的内分泌细胞(Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation Cells,APUD细胞),主要包括S细胞、G细胞、D细胞、PP细胞、I细胞、L细胞、N细胞、M细胞、K细胞,它们分别释放肠促胰液素、胃泌素和脑啡肽、生长抑素和血管活性肠肽、禽胰多肽、缩胆囊素、肠高血糖素、神经降压素、胃动素、葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽等相关激素,在禽类动物肠道的营养、消化吸收和免疫功能等方面发挥着重要的作用.对禽类肠道主要APUD细胞的种类、分布及生理功能的研究概况进行综述,为深入研究禽类肠道的生理功能提供参考.     

水体铜对鲤肠道菌群结构及免疫力的影响

为了解水体重金属铜对鲤肠道菌群多样性、结构及免疫力的影响,以不同质量浓度的水体铜胁迫鲤56d,对鲤肠道菌群α多样性、β多样性、基于属水平的群落组成结构及肠道免疫调控因子和紧密连接蛋白的基因表达进行了分析.结果显示,0.14mg·L-1、0.28mg·L-1处理组与对照组相比,α多样性指数有显著性下降(P0.01),主成分分析(PCA)显示两处理组与对照组群落组成区分明显,优势菌群发生明显变化;同时,两处理组肠道免疫调控因子Il-1β,IL-8,TNF-α及信号分子NF-κB基因表达有显著增加(P0.01),肠道紧密连接蛋白Claudin-3,Claudin-c及免疫调控因子IL-10、信号分子TOR基因表达有显著下降(P0.01).结果表明:中、高质量浓度水体铜胁迫显著降低了鲤肠道菌群的多样性,改变了结构组成,对鲤肠道上皮免疫屏障造成了损伤.     

张掖地区工业废水灌区微型生物调查

通过对张掖造纸废水流经灌区不同点进行微型生物监测得知 ,废水灌区微型生物共有 37种 ,其中藻类 1 0种 ,原生动物 2 7种。37种微型生物均属多污性、α-中污性或β-中污性种类 ,对灌区农作物及生态环境污染较严重。     

小鼠原始生殖细胞的发生部位和迁移路线的初步研究

我们用碱性磷酸酶法对小鼠原始生殖细胞的发生部位和迁移路线进行了研究。在7天18小时的胚胎中没有发现原始生殖细胞,至8天8小时,在尿囊柄基部和原条尾端出现了成群集中的原始生殖细胞,这时原始生殖细胞总数目不超过100个。9天,原始生殖细胞沿后肠在肠壁内胚层细胞之间向前迁移。9天10小时部分原始生殖细胞进入背肠系膜。甲苯胺蓝染色显示原始生殖细胞嗜碱性强,与周围体细胞有着明显差别,其分布位置与碱性磷酸酶法显示出的位置一致。本实验表明,小鼠原始生殖细胞的最早出现部位是在尿囊柄基部。     

The Effects of Shrimp Gut Probiotic Bacteria on the Shrimp Larvae (Penaeus Chinensis)

The survival rates of shrimp larvae in different stage are higher than those of control groups when probiotic bacteria strains X4B-1 and X1B-1 which are isolated from gut of adult shrimp are added into the little volume rearing sea water of shrimp larvae. The effects of probiotic bacteria are evaluated by challenge test (pathogenic bacteria Z3G2 isolated from disease shrimp larvae in the hatchery of Jimo town) and low salinity stress resistance tests on shrimp larvae, the survival rate and lengths of the shrimp larvae in the experiment are determined. Results indicate that 1. The survival rate, ability of resistant to low salinity, lengths of the delivered shrimp larvae are improved after the strains of probiotic bacteria, X4B-1 or X1B-1, are added into the rearing sea water of hatchery. 2. The addition of the probiotic bacteria could not influence the change of the bacteria number, NH3-N and COD value in the rearing sea water. 3. The probiotic bacteria used in the experiment have many enzymes such as Lipase, Amylase, Gelatinase and Lecithinase. These enzymes may help the probiotic bacteria to digest the food components fed to shrimp larvae and increase the digestive efficiency of post larvae. This may be one of the reasons why these probiotic bacteria are beneficial to the shrimp larvae.     

人体的胃肠道微生态系统和微生态失衡

人体出生时胃肠道是无菌的,但几小时后就发生细菌在胃肠道内的定植、演替过程,最终形成相对稳定的微生物群落.这些细菌大多是有益的,对人体维持正常的生理功能有重要的作用.     

用微型生物群落综合指数评价黄浦江水质

在1998－1999年间用PFU微型生物群落来监测和评价黄浦江不同样点的水质情况,结合微型生物的种类数,种类丰度指数,种类多样性指数;及群落结构中的动鞭虫比值和纤毛虫比值等指标建立了综合的评价指标,并应用指标对黄浦江1998－1999年水质情况进行了综合评价,这一评价结果是同期的理化分析评价结果基本一致,表明用该体系来评价黄浦江的水质是可行的。     

Food spectrum analysis of the Asian toad,Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) (Anura: Bufonidae), from Timor Island,Wallacea

The Asian toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799), is widespread throughout tropical Asia and very abundant where it occurs. It was relatively recently introduced to Timor, the second largest island in the biogeographic region called Wallacea. Timor Island shows an exceptionally high level of endemism in a wide range of faunal groups and there are concerns that D. melanostictus may have a negative impact on this diversity, including vertebrates, through direct predation. To evaluate the impact the diet of D. melanostictus might have on the local fauna, gut contents of 83 preserved toad specimens from five habitat types in Timor-Leste, a country occupying the eastern half of Timor Island, were examined. We identified 5581 prey items, comprising the following animal groups: annelids; snails and slugs; spiders and harvestmen; woodlice; millipedes and centipedes; grasshoppers, crickets and earwigs; termites; thrips and true bugs; beetles; ants; hymenopterans other than ants; true flies; butterflies; unidentified insects; and insect larvae. Small eusocial insects (ants and termites) constituted the major part of the diet (61.6% and 23.4%, respectively). No vertebrate prey was recorded. Prey item composition did not differ between habitats. The wide prey spectrum well indicates that D. melanostictus is a generalist invertebrate feeder, as other studies, from regions where this species occurs naturally, have already shown. Although the Asian toad seems to not generally prey on vertebrates, vertebrate species that are morphologically similar to invertebrates in their overall appearance may be consumed. Hence, a negative effect on some taxa (e.g. blindsnakes) may be possible. We also present some limited data on intestinal parasites occurring in D. melanostictus.